1976-VIL-29-SC-DT

Equivalent Citation: [1976] 105 ITR 109 (SC)

Supreme Court of India

Date: 04.08.1976

NARENDRAKUMAR J. MODI

Vs

COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX, GUJARAT II

BENCH

Judge(s) :  N. L. UNTWALIA., V. R. KRISHNA IYER. and H. R. KHANNA.

JUDGMENT

The judgment of the court was delivered by

UNTWALIA J.--The appellant's writ petition filed in the High Court of Gujarat was dismissed in limine by a Bench of the High Court on October 19, 1970. The Commissioner of Income-tax, Gujarat II, respondent No. 1, was the authority against whom several reliefs had been claimed in the writ petition. Subsequently were added the other members of the family of the appellant as respondents to the writ petition. The appellant obtained a certificate from the High Court for appeal to this court under sub-clause (b) of clause (1) of article 133 of the Constitution of India as it stood before the 30th Constitution Amendment Act. Hence, this appeal to this court.

Having heard Mr. B. R.L. Iyengar, senior advocate for the appellant, at some length we found that the appellant was ill-advised to file the writ petition and to pursue the matter up to this court. The appeal being devoid of any substance must fail. We proceed to state the facts and discuss the points urged before us very briefly.

One Bapalal Purshottamdas Modi was the head of a Hindu undivided family. The joint family possessed many immovable properties and carried on business of various types such as money-lending, etc. Bapalal had five sons, namely, Vadilal, Ramanlal, Jayantilal, Gulabchand and Kantilal. Ramanlal died long ago in or about the year 1933. Jayantilal died in 1956. The appellant is one of the sons of Jayantilal.

The appellant's case in the writ petition was that Bapalal was the karta of the Hindu undivided family. He executed a general power-of-attorney on October 5, 1948, in favour of his third son, Gulabchand, to manage his (Bapalal's) separate property. On October 22, 1954, Bapalal relinquished his right, title and interest, in the joint family properties on taking a sum of Rs. 75,000 leaving the corpus and management of the joint family properties to his four surviving sons and Rajnikant, son of late Ramanlal. These five members also executed a memo of partition on October 24, 1954, disrupting the erstwhile Hindu undivided family and partitioning the properties.

In the course of the proceedings for assessment of income-tax for the assessment year 1955-56 against the Hindu undivided family of Bapalal Purshottamdas Modi, an application under section 25A of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, was made claiming partition with effect from October 24, 1954. Notices of the enquiry under section 25A were served on all the members of the family. At the enquiry the statements of various persons including the appellant were recorded by the Income-tax Officer. He, by his order, dated January 28, 1960, disallowed the claim under section 25A of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. It is asserted that in the year 1961 a suit for partition had also been filed and the City Civil Court, Ahmedabad, passed a decree for partition on June 30, 1965. In an appeal filed before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner from the order of the Income-tax Officer dated January 28, 1960, reliance was placed on the civil court partition decree also. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner, however, dismissed the appeal by his order dated September 30, 1965. A second appeal to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal was dismissed on March 28, 1969. Income-tax assessment was made against the Hindu undivided family for the year 1955-56. Assessments were also made against the Hindu undivided family, sometimes treating it as association of persons or unregistered partnership firm as per returns filed from time to time, for the subsequent years up to the assessment year 1965-66. Copies of all the assessment orders were enclosed with the writ petition as annexure "I" collectively. Appeals taken to the Tribunal from some of the assessment orders were also dismissed. Notices were being issued and served under sections 22 and 23 of the lndian Income-tax Act, 1922, for the assessment years which were governed by the said Act. In respect of the assessment years 1962-63 onwards, notices were issued and served under sections 142 and 143 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. A large sum of tax and penalty became due as the demands from time to time were partly paid. The income-tax authorities took steps for realization of the income-tax dues against the appellant's family and got attached various properties. In Civil Suit No. 806 of 1961 in which the preliminary partition decree was passed on June 30, 1965, respondent, Kantilal, had been appointed as a receiver. Later on, one Mr. Bhatt was appointed receiver. A savings bank account No. 412002 was being operated by the receiver. The Income-tax Officer attached the entire amount of Rs. 56,294.43 in the said account by his orders dated May 12, 1970. Thereupon, the appellant filed the writ petition challenging the various orders passed in the proceeding under section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922, the assessments made for the years 1955-56 to 1965-66 and the attachment orders on various grounds. In a single writ petition rambling allegations were made challenging the multifarious proceedings and the orders on various grounds and the following prayers were made:

"(a) declaring void and illegal and quashing the proceedings of the income-tax authorities making assessments on Hindu undivided family, association of persons and unregistered partnership firm aforesaid for the years beginning from the assessment year 1955-56 and also the proceedings for the recovery of the taxes so assessed, and

(b) quashing the orders of the income-tax authorities refusing to record partition and directing the respondent and his subordinates to record under section 25A of the Act that the erstwhile joint family property has been divided or partitioned in definite portions, each member getting an equal share, in October, 1954;

(c) directing the respondent and his subordinates to cancel or withdraw the impugned orders and all steps taken for the recovery of the amounts so assessed;

(d) directing the respondent and his subordinates not to take any further steps for the recovery of the tax so assessed;

(e) quashing all the penalty orders and such other orders passed in pursuance of the assessment proceedings aforesaid;

(f) quashing all the orders of attachment or in the nature of attachment passed by the income-tax authorities in these proceedings for the assessment year 1955-56 onwards; and

(g) to pass such other and further orders as your Lordships deem just and expedient in the circumstances of the case."

It seems to us that the High Court rightly dismissed the appellant's petition in limine. Since the valuation under article 133(1)(b) was beyond Rs. 20,000, the appellant was granted a certificate as a matter of course.

It was pointed out to the appellant's counsel that so many proceedings and orders could not be challenged in one writ petition and he was asked to make his submission in the appeal confining the writ petition to one matter only. Counsel chose to confine it to the attack on the attachment order of the Income-tax Officer in respect of the money lying in the savings bank account. While doing so, he traversed the entire allegations in the petition by adopting an ingenious method. Counsel submitted that the attachment had been made for realization of the income-tax dues based upon various orders which were void and ultra vires. All those orders could be attacked collaterally while attacking the attachment order.

Mr. Iyengar urged the following points in support of the appeal:

(1) That the orders of the various authorities rejecting the claim of partition under section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922, were without jurisdiction and on their face suffered from many infirmities of law.

(2) That after Bapalal relinquished his interest in the joint family properties and ceased to be the karta, there was no karta of the family. Gulabchand, a junior member of the family, could not act as a karta. Other members of the family did not accept him to be the karta.

(3) That even after the death of Bapalal in the year 1958 various notices under the Income-tax Act were issued and served in the name of Bapalal Purshottamdas Modi--a dead person--and hence the entire proceedings and assessment orders were nullities.

(4) That the appellant had no opportunity of taking any part in the income-tax proceedings and his property cannot be made liable for realization of the dues determined in such proceedings.

None of the points urged on behalf of the appellant merits any detailed discussion. We were taken through the power of attorney executed by Bapalal in favour of Gulabchand, the deed of relinquishment executed by him on October 22, 1954, and the alleged memorandum of partition of October 24, 1954, the orders of the Income-tax Officer, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Tribunal in the proceedings under section 25A of the Income-tax Act, 1922. In our opinion the orders do not suffer from any infirmity of law or any such defect which will make them void. Notice of the enquiry had been given to all the members as admitted by the appellant himself. He had been examined in the proceedings. Sub-section (3) of section 25A provides that where an order accepting partition had not been passed in respect of a Hindu family assessed as undivided such family shall be deemed for the purposes of the Act to continue to be a Hindu undivided family. A partition preliminary decree came much later. The income-tax authorities had their own view to take. They were not bound by the decree. No reference was taken under the Income-tax Act challenging the order of the Tribunal dismissing the appeal.

It was clear from some of the assessment orders that Gulabchand was acting as a karta even during the lifetime of Bapalal as he had retired to live in Brindaban. At the relevant time nobody disputed his authority to act as karta. His eldest brother, Vadilal, was an old man of about 70 years of age. His elder brother, Jayantilal--father of the appellant--died in the year 1956. In these circumstances he appears to have acted as the karta with the consent of all the other members. A junior member of the family could do so. See Mulla's Hindu Law, page 269, fourteenth edition, where occurs the following passage:

"So long as the members of a family remain undivided, the senior member of the family is entitled to manage the family properties, including even charitable properties; and is presumed to be the manager until the contrary is shown. But the senior member may give up his right of management, and a junior member may be appointed manager."

Notices were being issued in the name of the family which was carrying on the business in the assumed name of Bapalal Purshottamdas Modi. They were neither issued to nor served on Bapalal--the dead person. In response to the notices returns were being filed by the managing member of the family. At no stage before the income-tax authorities a contention was raised that the notice was served on a dead person. There is no substance in the third point. Coming to the fourth and the last point urged on behalf of the appellant we find that the appellant is bound by the assessment made in respect of the income of his family which continued in the eye of law to be joint. The share of the appellant's properties received by him from the joint family or the income thereof is liable for the income-tax dues in question. The appellant, as we have said above, was ill-advised to file a misconceived petition on wholly untenable grounds.

In the result the appeal fails and is dismissed with costs to respondent No. 1.

Appeal dismissed.

 

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